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<?php
/**
 * Parses the request URL into controller, action, and parameters.
 *
 * CakePHP(tm) : Rapid Development Framework (http://cakephp.org)
 * Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
 *
 * Licensed under The MIT License
 * For full copyright and license information, please see the LICENSE.txt
 * Redistributions of files must retain the above copyright notice.
 *
 * @copyright     Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
 * @link          http://cakephp.org CakePHP(tm) Project
 * @package       Cake.Routing
 * @since         CakePHP(tm) v 0.2.9
 * @license       http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php MIT License
 */

App::uses('CakeRequest', 'Network');
App::uses('CakeRoute', 'Routing/Route');

/**
 * Parses the request URL into controller, action, and parameters. Uses the connected routes
 * to match the incoming URL string to parameters that will allow the request to be dispatched. Also
 * handles converting parameter lists into URL strings, using the connected routes. Routing allows you to decouple
 * the way the world interacts with your application (URLs) and the implementation (controllers and actions).
 *
 * ### Connecting routes
 *
 * Connecting routes is done using Router::connect(). When parsing incoming requests or reverse matching
 * parameters, routes are enumerated in the order they were connected. You can modify the order of connected
 * routes using Router::promote(). For more information on routes and how to connect them see Router::connect().
 *
 * ### Named parameters
 *
 * Named parameters allow you to embed key:value pairs into path segments. This allows you create hash
 * structures using URLs. You can define how named parameters work in your application using Router::connectNamed()
 *
 * @package       Cake.Routing
 */
class Router {

/**
 * Array of routes connected with Router::connect()
 *
 * @var array
 */
        public static $routes = array();

/**
 * Have routes been loaded
 *
 * @var bool
 */
        public static $initialized = false;

/**
 * Contains the base string that will be applied to all generated URLs
 * For example `https://example.com`
 *
 * @var string
 */
        protected static $_fullBaseUrl;

/**
 * List of action prefixes used in connected routes.
 * Includes admin prefix
 *
 * @var array
 */
        protected static $_prefixes = array();

/**
 * Directive for Router to parse out file extensions for mapping to Content-types.
 *
 * @var bool
 */
        protected static $_parseExtensions = false;

/**
 * List of valid extensions to parse from a URL. If null, any extension is allowed.
 *
 * @var array
 */
        protected static $_validExtensions = array();

/**
 * Regular expression for action names
 *
 * @var string
 */
        const ACTION = 'index|show|add|create|edit|update|remove|del|delete|view|item';

/**
 * Regular expression for years
 *
 * @var string
 */
        const YEAR = '[12][0-9]{3}';

/**
 * Regular expression for months
 *
 * @var string
 */
        const MONTH = '0[1-9]|1[012]';

/**
 * Regular expression for days
 *
 * @var string
 */
        const DAY = '0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01]';

/**
 * Regular expression for auto increment IDs
 *
 * @var string
 */
        const ID = '[0-9]+';

/**
 * Regular expression for UUIDs
 *
 * @var string
 */
        const UUID = '[A-Fa-f0-9]{8}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{12}';

/**
 * Named expressions
 *
 * @var array
 */
        protected static $_namedExpressions = array(
                'Action' => Router::ACTION,
                'Year' => Router::YEAR,
                'Month' => Router::MONTH,
                'Day' => Router::DAY,
                'ID' => Router::ID,
                'UUID' => Router::UUID
        );

/**
 * Stores all information necessary to decide what named arguments are parsed under what conditions.
 *
 * @var string
 */
        protected static $_namedConfig = array(
                'default' => array('page', 'fields', 'order', 'limit', 'recursive', 'sort', 'direction', 'step'),
                'greedyNamed' => true,
                'separator' => ':',
                'rules' => false,
        );

/**
 * The route matching the URL of the current request
 *
 * @var array
 */
        protected static $_currentRoute = array();

/**
 * Default HTTP request method => controller action map.
 *
 * @var array
 */
        protected static $_resourceMap = array(
                array('action' => 'index', 'method' => 'GET', 'id' => false),
                array('action' => 'view', 'method' => 'GET', 'id' => true),
                array('action' => 'add', 'method' => 'POST', 'id' => false),
                array('action' => 'edit', 'method' => 'PUT', 'id' => true),
                array('action' => 'delete', 'method' => 'DELETE', 'id' => true),
                array('action' => 'edit', 'method' => 'POST', 'id' => true)
        );

/**
 * List of resource-mapped controllers
 *
 * @var array
 */
        protected static $_resourceMapped = array();

/**
 * Maintains the request object stack for the current request.
 * This will contain more than one request object when requestAction is used.
 *
 * @var array
 */
        protected static $_requests = array();

/**
 * Initial state is populated the first time reload() is called which is at the bottom
 * of this file. This is a cheat as get_class_vars() returns the value of static vars even if they
 * have changed.
 *
 * @var array
 */
        protected static $_initialState = array();

/**
 * Default route class to use
 *
 * @var string
 */
        protected static $_routeClass = 'CakeRoute';

/**
 * Set the default route class to use or return the current one
 *
 * @param string $routeClass to set as default
 * @return mixed void|string
 * @throws RouterException
 */
        public static function defaultRouteClass($routeClass = null) {
                if ($routeClass === null) {
                        return static::$_routeClass;
                }

                static::$_routeClass = static::_validateRouteClass($routeClass);
        }

/**
 * Validates that the passed route class exists and is a subclass of CakeRoute
 *
 * @param string $routeClass Route class name
 * @return string
 * @throws RouterException
 */
        protected static function _validateRouteClass($routeClass) {
                if ($routeClass !== 'CakeRoute' &&
                        (!class_exists($routeClass) || !is_subclass_of($routeClass, 'CakeRoute'))
                ) {
                        throw new RouterException(__d('cake_dev', 'Route class not found, or route class is not a subclass of CakeRoute'));
                }
                return $routeClass;
        }

/**
 * Sets the Routing prefixes.
 *
 * @return void
 */
        protected static function _setPrefixes() {
                $routing = Configure::read('Routing');
                if (!empty($routing['prefixes'])) {
                        static::$_prefixes = array_merge(static::$_prefixes, (array)$routing['prefixes']);
                }
        }

/**
 * Gets the named route elements for use in app/Config/routes.php
 *
 * @return array Named route elements
 * @see Router::$_namedExpressions
 */
        public static function getNamedExpressions() {
                return static::$_namedExpressions;
        }

/**
 * Resource map getter & setter.
 *
 * @param array $resourceMap Resource map
 * @return mixed
 * @see Router::$_resourceMap
 */
        public static function resourceMap($resourceMap = null) {
                if ($resourceMap === null) {
                        return static::$_resourceMap;
                }
                static::$_resourceMap = $resourceMap;
        }

/**
 * Connects a new Route in the router.
 *
 * Routes are a way of connecting request URLs to objects in your application. At their core routes
 * are a set of regular expressions that are used to match requests to destinations.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 * `Router::connect('/:controller/:action/*');`
 *
 * The first token ':controller' will be used as a controller name while the second is used as the action name.
 * the '/*' syntax makes this route greedy in that it will match requests like `/posts/index` as well as requests
 * like `/posts/edit/1/foo/bar`.
 *
 * `Router::connect('/home-page', array('controller' => 'pages', 'action' => 'display', 'home'));`
 *
 * The above shows the use of route parameter defaults, and providing routing parameters for a static route.
 *
 * ```
 * Router::connect(
 *   '/:lang/:controller/:action/:id',
 *   array(),
 *   array('id' => '[0-9]+', 'lang' => '[a-z]{3}')
 * );
 * ```
 *
 * Shows connecting a route with custom route parameters as well as providing patterns for those parameters.
 * Patterns for routing parameters do not need capturing groups, as one will be added for each route params.
 *
 * $defaults is merged with the results of parsing the request URL to form the final routing destination and its
 * parameters. This destination is expressed as an associative array by Router. See the output of {@link parse()}.
 *
 * $options offers four 'special' keys. `pass`, `named`, `persist` and `routeClass`
 * have special meaning in the $options array.
 *
 * - `pass` is used to define which of the routed parameters should be shifted into the pass array. Adding a
 *   parameter to pass will remove it from the regular route array. Ex. `'pass' => array('slug')`
 * - `persist` is used to define which route parameters should be automatically included when generating
 *   new URLs. You can override persistent parameters by redefining them in a URL or remove them by
 *   setting the parameter to `false`. Ex. `'persist' => array('lang')`
 * - `routeClass` is used to extend and change how individual routes parse requests and handle reverse routing,
 *   via a custom routing class. Ex. `'routeClass' => 'SlugRoute'`
 * - `named` is used to configure named parameters at the route level. This key uses the same options
 *   as Router::connectNamed()
 *
 * You can also add additional conditions for matching routes to the $defaults array.
 * The following conditions can be used:
 *
 * - `[type]` Only match requests for specific content types.
 * - `[method]` Only match requests with specific HTTP verbs.
 * - `[server]` Only match when $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] matches the given value.
 *
 * Example of using the `[method]` condition:
 *
 * `Router::connect('/tasks', array('controller' => 'tasks', 'action' => 'index', '[method]' => 'GET'));`
 *
 * The above route will only be matched for GET requests. POST requests will fail to match this route.
 *
 * @param string $route A string describing the template of the route
 * @param array $defaults An array describing the default route parameters. These parameters will be used by default
 *   and can supply routing parameters that are not dynamic. See above.
 * @param array $options An array matching the named elements in the route to regular expressions which that
 *   element should match. Also contains additional parameters such as which routed parameters should be
 *   shifted into the passed arguments, supplying patterns for routing parameters and supplying the name of a
 *   custom routing class.
 * @see routes
 * @see parse().
 * @return array Array of routes
 * @throws RouterException
 */
        public static function connect($route, $defaults = array(), $options = array()) {
                static::$initialized = true;

                foreach (static::$_prefixes as $prefix) {
                        if (isset($defaults[$prefix])) {
                                if ($defaults[$prefix]) {
                                        $defaults['prefix'] = $prefix;
                                } else {
                                        unset($defaults[$prefix]);
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (isset($defaults['prefix']) && !in_array($defaults['prefix'], static::$_prefixes)) {
                        static::$_prefixes[] = $defaults['prefix'];
                }
                $defaults += array('plugin' => null);
                if (empty($options['action'])) {
                        $defaults += array('action' => 'index');
                }
                $routeClass = static::$_routeClass;
                if (isset($options['routeClass'])) {
                        if (strpos($options['routeClass'], '.') === false) {
                                $routeClass = $options['routeClass'];
                        } else {
                                list(, $routeClass) = pluginSplit($options['routeClass'], true);
                        }
                        $routeClass = static::_validateRouteClass($routeClass);
                        unset($options['routeClass']);
                }
                if ($routeClass === 'RedirectRoute' && isset($defaults['redirect'])) {
                        $defaults = $defaults['redirect'];
                }
                static::$routes[] = new $routeClass($route, $defaults, $options);
                return static::$routes;
        }

/**
 * Connects a new redirection Route in the router.
 *
 * Redirection routes are different from normal routes as they perform an actual
 * header redirection if a match is found. The redirection can occur within your
 * application or redirect to an outside location.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 * `Router::redirect('/home/*', array('controller' => 'posts', 'action' => 'view'), array('persist' => true));`
 *
 * Redirects /home/* to /posts/view and passes the parameters to /posts/view. Using an array as the
 * redirect destination allows you to use other routes to define where a URL string should be redirected to.
 *
 * `Router::redirect('/posts/*', 'http://google.com', array('status' => 302));`
 *
 * Redirects /posts/* to http://google.com with a HTTP status of 302
 *
 * ### Options:
 *
 * - `status` Sets the HTTP status (default 301)
 * - `persist` Passes the params to the redirected route, if it can. This is useful with greedy routes,
 *   routes that end in `*` are greedy. As you can remap URLs and not loose any passed/named args.
 *
 * @param string $route A string describing the template of the route
 * @param array $url A URL to redirect to. Can be a string or a CakePHP array-based URL
 * @param array $options An array matching the named elements in the route to regular expressions which that
 *   element should match. Also contains additional parameters such as which routed parameters should be
 *   shifted into the passed arguments. As well as supplying patterns for routing parameters.
 * @see routes
 * @return array Array of routes
 */
        public static function redirect($route, $url, $options = array()) {
                App::uses('RedirectRoute', 'Routing/Route');
                $options['routeClass'] = 'RedirectRoute';
                if (is_string($url)) {
                        $url = array('redirect' => $url);
                }
                return static::connect($route, $url, $options);
        }

/**
 * Specifies what named parameters CakePHP should be parsing out of incoming URLs. By default
 * CakePHP will parse every named parameter out of incoming URLs. However, if you want to take more
 * control over how named parameters are parsed you can use one of the following setups:
 *
 * Do not parse any named parameters:
 *
 * ``` Router::connectNamed(false); ```
 *
 * Parse only default parameters used for CakePHP's pagination:
 *
 * ``` Router::connectNamed(false, array('default' => true)); ```
 *
 * Parse only the page parameter if its value is a number:
 *
 * ``` Router::connectNamed(array('page' => '[\d]+'), array('default' => false, 'greedy' => false)); ```
 *
 * Parse only the page parameter no matter what.
 *
 * ``` Router::connectNamed(array('page'), array('default' => false, 'greedy' => false)); ```
 *
 * Parse only the page parameter if the current action is 'index'.
 *
 * ```
 * Router::connectNamed(
 *    array('page' => array('action' => 'index')),
 *    array('default' => false, 'greedy' => false)
 * );
 * ```
 *
 * Parse only the page parameter if the current action is 'index' and the controller is 'pages'.
 *
 * ```
 * Router::connectNamed(
 *    array('page' => array('action' => 'index', 'controller' => 'pages')),
 *    array('default' => false, 'greedy' => false)
 * );
 * ```
 *
 * ### Options
 *
 * - `greedy` Setting this to true will make Router parse all named params. Setting it to false will
 *    parse only the connected named params.
 * - `default` Set this to true to merge in the default set of named parameters.
 * - `reset` Set to true to clear existing rules and start fresh.
 * - `separator` Change the string used to separate the key & value in a named parameter. Defaults to `:`
 *
 * @param array $named A list of named parameters. Key value pairs are accepted where values are
 *    either regex strings to match, or arrays as seen above.
 * @param array $options Allows to control all settings: separator, greedy, reset, default
 * @return array
 */
        public static function connectNamed($named, $options = array()) {
                if (isset($options['separator'])) {
                        static::$_namedConfig['separator'] = $options['separator'];
                        unset($options['separator']);
                }

                if ($named === true || $named === false) {
                        $options += array('default' => $named, 'reset' => true, 'greedy' => $named);
                        $named = array();
                } else {
                        $options += array('default' => false, 'reset' => false, 'greedy' => true);
                }

                if ($options['reset'] || static::$_namedConfig['rules'] === false) {
                        static::$_namedConfig['rules'] = array();
                }

                if ($options['default']) {
                        $named = array_merge($named, static::$_namedConfig['default']);
                }

                foreach ($named as $key => $val) {
                        if (is_numeric($key)) {
                                static::$_namedConfig['rules'][$val] = true;
                        } else {
                                static::$_namedConfig['rules'][$key] = $val;
                        }
                }
                static::$_namedConfig['greedyNamed'] = $options['greedy'];
                return static::$_namedConfig;
        }

/**
 * Gets the current named parameter configuration values.
 *
 * @return array
 * @see Router::$_namedConfig
 */
        public static function namedConfig() {
                return static::$_namedConfig;
        }

/**
 * Creates REST resource routes for the given controller(s). When creating resource routes
 * for a plugin, by default the prefix will be changed to the lower_underscore version of the plugin
 * name. By providing a prefix you can override this behavior.
 *
 * ### Options:
 *
 * - 'id' - The regular expression fragment to use when matching IDs. By default, matches
 *    integer values and UUIDs.
 * - 'prefix' - URL prefix to use for the generated routes. Defaults to '/'.
 *
 * @param string|array $controller A controller name or array of controller names (i.e. "Posts" or "ListItems")
 * @param array $options Options to use when generating REST routes
 * @return array Array of mapped resources
 */
        public static function mapResources($controller, $options = array()) {
                $hasPrefix = isset($options['prefix']);
                $options += array(
                        'connectOptions' => array(),
                        'prefix' => '/',
                        'id' => static::ID . '|' . static::UUID
                );

                $prefix = $options['prefix'];
                $connectOptions = $options['connectOptions'];
                unset($options['connectOptions']);
                if (strpos($prefix, '/') !== 0) {
                        $prefix = '/' . $prefix;
                }
                if (substr($prefix, -1) !== '/') {
                        $prefix .= '/';
                }

                foreach ((array)$controller as $name) {
                        list($plugin, $name) = pluginSplit($name);
                        $urlName = Inflector::underscore($name);
                        $plugin = Inflector::underscore($plugin);
                        if ($plugin && !$hasPrefix) {
                                $prefix = '/' . $plugin . '/';
                        }

                        foreach (static::$_resourceMap as $params) {
                                $url = $prefix . $urlName . (($params['id']) ? '/:id' : '');

                                Router::connect($url,
                                        array(
                                                'plugin' => $plugin,
                                                'controller' => $urlName,
                                                'action' => $params['action'],
                                                '[method]' => $params['method']
                                        ),
                                        array_merge(
                                                array('id' => $options['id'], 'pass' => array('id')),
                                                $connectOptions
                                        )
                                );
                        }
                        static::$_resourceMapped[] = $urlName;
                }
                return static::$_resourceMapped;
        }

/**
 * Returns the list of prefixes used in connected routes
 *
 * @return array A list of prefixes used in connected routes
 */
        public static function prefixes() {
                return static::$_prefixes;
        }

/**
 * Parses given URL string. Returns 'routing' parameters for that URL.
 *
 * @param string $url URL to be parsed
 * @return array Parsed elements from URL
 */
        public static function parse($url) {
                if (!static::$initialized) {
                        static::_loadRoutes();
                }

                $ext = null;
                $out = array();

                if (strlen($url) && strpos($url, '/') !== 0) {
                        $url = '/' . $url;
                }
                if (strpos($url, '?') !== false) {
                        list($url, $queryParameters) = explode('?', $url, 2);
                        parse_str($queryParameters, $queryParameters);
                }

                extract(static::_parseExtension($url));

                foreach (static::$routes as $route) {
                        if (($r = $route->parse($url)) !== false) {
                                static::$_currentRoute[] = $route;
                                $out = $r;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (isset($out['prefix'])) {
                        $out['action'] = $out['prefix'] . '_' . $out['action'];
                }

                if (!empty($ext) && !isset($out['ext'])) {
                        $out['ext'] = $ext;
                }

                if (!empty($queryParameters) && !isset($out['?'])) {
                        $out['?'] = $queryParameters;
                }
                return $out;
        }

/**
 * Parses a file extension out of a URL, if Router::parseExtensions() is enabled.
 *
 * @param string $url URL.
 * @return array Returns an array containing the altered URL and the parsed extension.
 */
        protected static function _parseExtension($url) {
                $ext = null;

                if (static::$_parseExtensions) {
                        if (preg_match('/\.[0-9a-zA-Z]*$/', $url, $match) === 1) {
                                $match = substr($match[0], 1);
                                if (empty(static::$_validExtensions)) {
                                        $url = substr($url, 0, strpos($url, '.' . $match));
                                        $ext = $match;
                                } else {
                                        foreach (static::$_validExtensions as $name) {
                                                if (strcasecmp($name, $match) === 0) {
                                                        $url = substr($url, 0, strpos($url, '.' . $name));
                                                        $ext = $match;
                                                        break;
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
                return compact('ext', 'url');
        }

/**
 * Takes parameter and path information back from the Dispatcher, sets these
 * parameters as the current request parameters that are merged with URL arrays
 * created later in the request.
 *
 * Nested requests will create a stack of requests. You can remove requests using
 * Router::popRequest(). This is done automatically when using Object::requestAction().
 *
 * Will accept either a CakeRequest object or an array of arrays. Support for
 * accepting arrays may be removed in the future.
 *
 * @param CakeRequest|array $request Parameters and path information or a CakeRequest object.
 * @return void
 */
        public static function setRequestInfo($request) {
                if ($request instanceof CakeRequest) {
                        static::$_requests[] = $request;
                } else {
                        $requestObj = new CakeRequest();
                        $request += array(array(), array());
                        $request[0] += array('controller' => false, 'action' => false, 'plugin' => null);
                        $requestObj->addParams($request[0])->addPaths($request[1]);
                        static::$_requests[] = $requestObj;
                }
        }

/**
 * Pops a request off of the request stack. Used when doing requestAction
 *
 * @return CakeRequest The request removed from the stack.
 * @see Router::setRequestInfo()
 * @see Object::requestAction()
 */
        public static function popRequest() {
                return array_pop(static::$_requests);
        }

/**
 * Gets the current request object, or the first one.
 *
 * @param bool $current True to get the current request object, or false to get the first one.
 * @return CakeRequest|null Null if stack is empty.
 */
        public static function getRequest($current = false) {
                if ($current) {
                        $i = count(static::$_requests) - 1;
                        return isset(static::$_requests[$i]) ? static::$_requests[$i] : null;
                }
                return isset(static::$_requests[0]) ? static::$_requests[0] : null;
        }

/**
 * Gets parameter information
 *
 * @param bool $current Get current request parameter, useful when using requestAction
 * @return array Parameter information
 */
        public static function getParams($current = false) {
                if ($current && static::$_requests) {
                        return static::$_requests[count(static::$_requests) - 1]->params;
                }
                if (isset(static::$_requests[0])) {
                        return static::$_requests[0]->params;
                }
                return array();
        }

/**
 * Gets URL parameter by name
 *
 * @param string $name Parameter name
 * @param bool $current Current parameter, useful when using requestAction
 * @return string|null Parameter value
 */
        public static function getParam($name = 'controller', $current = false) {
                $params = Router::getParams($current);
                if (isset($params[$name])) {
                        return $params[$name];
                }
                return null;
        }

/**
 * Gets path information
 *
 * @param bool $current Current parameter, useful when using requestAction
 * @return array
 */
        public static function getPaths($current = false) {
                if ($current) {
                        return static::$_requests[count(static::$_requests) - 1];
                }
                if (!isset(static::$_requests[0])) {
                        return array('base' => null);
                }
                return array('base' => static::$_requests[0]->base);
        }

/**
 * Reloads default Router settings. Resets all class variables and
 * removes all connected routes.
 *
 * @return void
 */
        public static function reload() {
                if (empty(static::$_initialState)) {
                        static::$_initialState = get_class_vars('Router');
                        static::_setPrefixes();
                        return;
                }
                foreach (static::$_initialState as $key => $val) {
                        if ($key !== '_initialState') {
                                static::${$key} = $val;
                        }
                }
                static::_setPrefixes();
        }

/**
 * Promote a route (by default, the last one added) to the beginning of the list
 *
 * @param int $which A zero-based array index representing the route to move. For example,
 *    if 3 routes have been added, the last route would be 2.
 * @return bool Returns false if no route exists at the position specified by $which.
 */
        public static function promote($which = null) {
                if ($which === null) {
                        $which = count(static::$routes) - 1;
                }
                if (!isset(static::$routes[$which])) {
                        return false;
                }
                $route =& static::$routes[$which];
                unset(static::$routes[$which]);
                array_unshift(static::$routes, $route);
                return true;
        }

/**
 * Finds URL for specified action.
 *
 * Returns a URL pointing to a combination of controller and action. Param
 * $url can be:
 *
 * - Empty - the method will find address to actual controller/action.
 * - '/' - the method will find base URL of application.
 * - A combination of controller/action - the method will find URL for it.
 *
 * There are a few 'special' parameters that can change the final URL string that is generated
 *
 * - `base` - Set to false to remove the base path from the generated URL. If your application
 *   is not in the root directory, this can be used to generate URLs that are 'cake relative'.
 *   cake relative URLs are required when using requestAction.
 * - `?` - Takes an array of query string parameters
 * - `#` - Allows you to set URL hash fragments.
 * - `full_base` - If true the `Router::fullBaseUrl()` value will be prepended to generated URLs.
 *
 * @param string|array $url Cake-relative URL, like "/products/edit/92" or "/presidents/elect/4"
 *   or an array specifying any of the following: 'controller', 'action',
 *   and/or 'plugin', in addition to named arguments (keyed array elements),
 *   and standard URL arguments (indexed array elements)
 * @param bool|array $full If (bool) true, the full base URL will be prepended to the result.
 *   If an array accepts the following keys
 *    - escape - used when making URLs embedded in html escapes query string '&'
 *    - full - if true the full base URL will be prepended.
 * @return string Full translated URL with base path.
 */
        public static function url($url = null, $full = false) {
                if (!static::$initialized) {
                        static::_loadRoutes();
                }

                $params = array('plugin' => null, 'controller' => null, 'action' => 'index');

                if (is_bool($full)) {
                        $escape = false;
                } else {
                        extract($full + array('escape' => false, 'full' => false));
                }

                $path = array('base' => null);
                if (!empty(static::$_requests)) {
                        $request = static::$_requests[count(static::$_requests) - 1];
                        $params = $request->params;
                        $path = array('base' => $request->base, 'here' => $request->here);
                }
                if (empty($path['base'])) {
                        $path['base'] = Configure::read('App.base');
                }

                $base = $path['base'];
                $extension = $output = $q = $frag = null;

                if (empty($url)) {
                        $output = isset($path['here']) ? $path['here'] : '/';
                        if ($full) {
                                $output = static::fullBaseUrl() . $output;
                        }
                        return $output;
                } elseif (is_array($url)) {
                        if (isset($url['base']) && $url['base'] === false) {
                                $base = null;
                                unset($url['base']);
                        }
                        if (isset($url['full_base']) && $url['full_base'] === true) {
                                $full = true;
                                unset($url['full_base']);
                        }
                        if (isset($url['?'])) {
                                $q = $url['?'];
                                unset($url['?']);
                        }
                        if (isset($url['#'])) {
                                $frag = '#' . $url['#'];
                                unset($url['#']);
                        }
                        if (isset($url['ext'])) {
                                $extension = '.' . $url['ext'];
                                unset($url['ext']);
                        }
                        if (empty($url['action'])) {
                                if (empty($url['controller']) || $params['controller'] === $url['controller']) {
                                        $url['action'] = $params['action'];
                                } else {
                                        $url['action'] = 'index';
                                }
                        }

                        $prefixExists = (array_intersect_key($url, array_flip(static::$_prefixes)));
                        foreach (static::$_prefixes as $prefix) {
                                if (!empty($params[$prefix]) && !$prefixExists) {
                                        $url[$prefix] = true;
                                } elseif (isset($url[$prefix]) && !$url[$prefix]) {
                                        unset($url[$prefix]);
                                }
                                if (isset($url[$prefix]) && strpos($url['action'], $prefix . '_') === 0) {
                                        $url['action'] = substr($url['action'], strlen($prefix) + 1);
                                }
                        }

                        $url += array('controller' => $params['controller'], 'plugin' => $params['plugin']);

                        $match = false;

                        foreach (static::$routes as $route) {
                                $originalUrl = $url;

                                $url = $route->persistParams($url, $params);

                                if ($match = $route->match($url)) {
                                        $output = trim($match, '/');
                                        break;
                                }
                                $url = $originalUrl;
                        }
                        if ($match === false) {
                                $output = static::_handleNoRoute($url);
                        }
                } else {
                        if (preg_match('/^([a-z][a-z0-9.+\-]+:|:?\/\/|[#?])/i', $url)) {
                                return $url;
                        }
                        if (substr($url, 0, 1) === '/') {
                                $output = substr($url, 1);
                        } else {
                                foreach (static::$_prefixes as $prefix) {
                                        if (isset($params[$prefix])) {
                                                $output .= $prefix . '/';
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }
                                if (!empty($params['plugin']) && $params['plugin'] !== $params['controller']) {
                                        $output .= Inflector::underscore($params['plugin']) . '/';
                                }
                                $output .= Inflector::underscore($params['controller']) . '/' . $url;
                        }
                }
                $protocol = preg_match('#^[a-z][a-z0-9+\-.]*\://#i', $output);
                if ($protocol === 0) {
                        $output = str_replace('//', '/', $base . '/' . $output);

                        if ($full) {
                                $output = static::fullBaseUrl() . $output;
                        }
                        if (!empty($extension)) {
                                $output = rtrim($output, '/');
                        }
                }
                return $output . $extension . static::queryString($q, array(), $escape) . $frag;
        }

/**
 * Sets the full base URL that will be used as a prefix for generating
 * fully qualified URLs for this application. If no parameters are passed,
 * the currently configured value is returned.
 *
 * ## Note:
 *
 * If you change the configuration value ``App.fullBaseUrl`` during runtime
 * and expect the router to produce links using the new setting, you are
 * required to call this method passing such value again.
 *
 * @param string $base the prefix for URLs generated containing the domain.
 * For example: ``http://example.com``
 * @return string
 */
        public static function fullBaseUrl($base = null) {
                if ($base !== null) {
                        static::$_fullBaseUrl = $base;
                        Configure::write('App.fullBaseUrl', $base);
                }
                if (empty(static::$_fullBaseUrl)) {
                        static::$_fullBaseUrl = Configure::read('App.fullBaseUrl');
                }
                return static::$_fullBaseUrl;
        }

/**
 * A special fallback method that handles URL arrays that cannot match
 * any defined routes.
 *
 * @param array $url A URL that didn't match any routes
 * @return string A generated URL for the array
 * @see Router::url()
 */
        protected static function _handleNoRoute($url) {
                $named = $args = array();
                $skip = array_merge(
                        array('bare', 'action', 'controller', 'plugin', 'prefix'),
                        static::$_prefixes
                );

                $keys = array_values(array_diff(array_keys($url), $skip));

                // Remove this once parsed URL parameters can be inserted into 'pass'
                foreach ($keys as $key) {
                        if (is_numeric($key)) {
                                $args[] = $url[$key];
                        } else {
                                $named[$key] = $url[$key];
                        }
                }

                list($args, $named) = array(Hash::filter($args), Hash::filter($named));
                foreach (static::$_prefixes as $prefix) {
                        $prefixed = $prefix . '_';
                        if (!empty($url[$prefix]) && strpos($url['action'], $prefixed) === 0) {
                                $url['action'] = substr($url['action'], strlen($prefixed) * -1);
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (empty($named) && empty($args) && (!isset($url['action']) || $url['action'] === 'index')) {
                        $url['action'] = null;
                }

                $urlOut = array_filter(array($url['controller'], $url['action']));

                if (isset($url['plugin'])) {
                        array_unshift($urlOut, $url['plugin']);
                }

                foreach (static::$_prefixes as $prefix) {
                        if (isset($url[$prefix])) {
                                array_unshift($urlOut, $prefix);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                $output = implode('/', $urlOut);

                if (!empty($args)) {
                        $output .= '/' . implode('/', array_map('rawurlencode', $args));
                }

                if (!empty($named)) {
                        foreach ($named as $name => $value) {
                                if (is_array($value)) {
                                        $flattend = Hash::flatten($value, '%5D%5B');
                                        foreach ($flattend as $namedKey => $namedValue) {
                                                $output .= '/' . $name . "%5B{$namedKey}%5D" . static::$_namedConfig['separator'] . rawurlencode($namedValue);
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        $output .= '/' . $name . static::$_namedConfig['separator'] . rawurlencode($value);
                                }
                        }
                }
                return $output;
        }

/**
 * Generates a well-formed querystring from $q
 *
 * @param string|array $q Query string Either a string of already compiled query string arguments or
 *    an array of arguments to convert into a query string.
 * @param array $extra Extra querystring parameters.
 * @param bool $escape Whether or not to use escaped &
 * @return array
 */
        public static function queryString($q, $extra = array(), $escape = false) {
                if (empty($q) && empty($extra)) {
                        return null;
                }
                $join = '&';
                if ($escape === true) {
                        $join = '&amp;';
                }
                $out = '';

                if (is_array($q)) {
                        $q = array_merge($q, $extra);
                } else {
                        $out = $q;
                        $q = $extra;
                }
                $addition = http_build_query($q, null, $join);

                if ($out && $addition && substr($out, strlen($join) * -1, strlen($join)) !== $join) {
                        $out .= $join;
                }

                $out .= $addition;

                if (isset($out[0]) && $out[0] !== '?') {
                        $out = '?' . $out;
                }
                return $out;
        }

/**
 * Reverses a parsed parameter array into a string.
 *
 * Works similarly to Router::url(), but since parsed URL's contain additional
 * 'pass' and 'named' as well as 'url.url' keys. Those keys need to be specially
 * handled in order to reverse a params array into a string URL.
 *
 * This will strip out 'autoRender', 'bare', 'requested', and 'return' param names as those
 * are used for CakePHP internals and should not normally be part of an output URL.
 *
 * @param CakeRequest|array $params The params array or CakeRequest object that needs to be reversed.
 * @param bool $full Set to true to include the full URL including the protocol when reversing
 *     the URL.
 * @return string The string that is the reversed result of the array
 */
        public static function reverse($params, $full = false) {
                if ($params instanceof CakeRequest) {
                        $url = $params->query;
                        $params = $params->params;
                } else {
                        $url = $params['url'];
                }
                $pass = isset($params['pass']) ? $params['pass'] : array();
                $named = isset($params['named']) ? $params['named'] : array();

                unset(
                        $params['pass'], $params['named'], $params['paging'], $params['models'], $params['url'], $url['url'],
                        $params['autoRender'], $params['bare'], $params['requested'], $params['return'],
                        $params['_Token']
                );
                $params = array_merge($params, $pass, $named);
                if (!empty($url)) {
                        $params['?'] = $url;
                }
                return Router::url($params, $full);
        }

/**
 * Normalizes a URL for purposes of comparison.
 *
 * Will strip the base path off and replace any double /'s.
 * It will not unify the casing and underscoring of the input value.
 *
 * @param array|string $url URL to normalize Either an array or a string URL.
 * @return string Normalized URL
 */
        public static function normalize($url = '/') {
                if (is_array($url)) {
                        $url = Router::url($url);
                }
                if (preg_match('/^[a-z\-]+:\/\//', $url)) {
                        return $url;
                }
                $request = Router::getRequest();

                if (!empty($request->base) && stristr($url, $request->base)) {
                        $url = preg_replace('/^' . preg_quote($request->base, '/') . '/', '', $url, 1);
                }
                $url = '/' . $url;

                while (strpos($url, '//') !== false) {
                        $url = str_replace('//', '/', $url);
                }
                $url = preg_replace('/(?:(\/$))/', '', $url);

                if (empty($url)) {
                        return '/';
                }
                return $url;
        }

/**
 * Returns the route matching the current request URL.
 *
 * @return CakeRoute Matching route object.
 */
        public static function requestRoute() {
                return static::$_currentRoute[0];
        }

/**
 * Returns the route matching the current request (useful for requestAction traces)
 *
 * @return CakeRoute Matching route object.
 */
        public static function currentRoute() {
                $count = count(static::$_currentRoute) - 1;
                return ($count >= 0) ? static::$_currentRoute[$count] : false;
        }

/**
 * Removes the plugin name from the base URL.
 *
 * @param string $base Base URL
 * @param string $plugin Plugin name
 * @return string base URL with plugin name removed if present
 */
        public static function stripPlugin($base, $plugin = null) {
                if ($plugin) {
                        $base = preg_replace('/(?:' . $plugin . ')/', '', $base);
                        $base = str_replace('//', '', $base);
                        $pos1 = strrpos($base, '/');
                        $char = strlen($base) - 1;

                        if ($pos1 === $char) {
                                $base = substr($base, 0, $char);
                        }
                }
                return $base;
        }

/**
 * Instructs the router to parse out file extensions from the URL.
 *
 * For example, http://example.com/posts.rss would yield a file extension of "rss".
 * The file extension itself is made available in the controller as
 * `$this->params['ext']`, and is used by the RequestHandler component to
 * automatically switch to alternate layouts and templates, and load helpers
 * corresponding to the given content, i.e. RssHelper. Switching layouts and helpers
 * requires that the chosen extension has a defined mime type in `CakeResponse`
 *
 * A list of valid extension can be passed to this method, i.e. Router::parseExtensions('rss', 'xml');
 * If no parameters are given, anything after the first . (dot) after the last / in the URL will be
 * parsed, excluding querystring parameters (i.e. ?q=...).
 *
 * @return void
 * @see RequestHandler::startup()
 */
        public static function parseExtensions() {
                static::$_parseExtensions = true;
                if (func_num_args() > 0) {
                        static::setExtensions(func_get_args(), false);
                }
        }

/**
 * Get the list of extensions that can be parsed by Router.
 *
 * To initially set extensions use `Router::parseExtensions()`
 * To add more see `setExtensions()`
 *
 * @return array Array of extensions Router is configured to parse.
 */
        public static function extensions() {
                if (!static::$initialized) {
                        static::_loadRoutes();
                }

                return static::$_validExtensions;
        }

/**
 * Set/add valid extensions.
 *
 * To have the extensions parsed you still need to call `Router::parseExtensions()`
 *
 * @param array $extensions List of extensions to be added as valid extension
 * @param bool $merge Default true will merge extensions. Set to false to override current extensions
 * @return array
 */
        public static function setExtensions($extensions, $merge = true) {
                if (!is_array($extensions)) {
                        return static::$_validExtensions;
                }
                if (!$merge) {
                        return static::$_validExtensions = $extensions;
                }
                return static::$_validExtensions = array_merge(static::$_validExtensions, $extensions);
        }

/**
 * Loads route configuration
 *
 * @return void
 */
        protected static function _loadRoutes() {
                static::$initialized = true;
                include APP . 'Config' . DS . 'routes.php';
        }

}

//Save the initial state
Router::reload();