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<?php
/**
 * Security Component
 *
 * CakePHP(tm) : Rapid Development Framework (http://cakephp.org)
 * Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
 *
 * Licensed under The MIT License
 * For full copyright and license information, please see the LICENSE.txt
 * Redistributions of files must retain the above copyright notice.
 *
 * @copyright     Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
 * @link          http://cakephp.org CakePHP(tm) Project
 * @package       Cake.Controller.Component
 * @since         CakePHP(tm) v 0.10.8.2156
 * @license       http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php MIT License
 */

App::uses('Component', 'Controller');
App::uses('CakeText', 'Utility');
App::uses('Hash', 'Utility');
App::uses('Security', 'Utility');

/**
 * The Security Component creates an easy way to integrate tighter security in
 * your application. It provides methods for various tasks like:
 *
 * - Restricting which HTTP methods your application accepts.
 * - CSRF protection.
 * - Form tampering protection
 * - Requiring that SSL be used.
 * - Limiting cross controller communication.
 *
 * @package       Cake.Controller.Component
 * @link http://book.cakephp.org/2.0/en/core-libraries/components/security-component.html
 */
class SecurityComponent extends Component {

/**
 * The controller method that will be called if this request is black-hole'd
 *
 * @var string
 */
        public $blackHoleCallback = null;

/**
 * List of controller actions for which a POST request is required
 *
 * @var array
 * @deprecated 3.0.0 Use CakeRequest::allowMethod() instead.
 * @see SecurityComponent::requirePost()
 */
        public $requirePost = array();

/**
 * List of controller actions for which a GET request is required
 *
 * @var array
 * @deprecated 3.0.0 Use CakeRequest::allowMethod() instead.
 * @see SecurityComponent::requireGet()
 */
        public $requireGet = array();

/**
 * List of controller actions for which a PUT request is required
 *
 * @var array
 * @deprecated 3.0.0 Use CakeRequest::allowMethod() instead.
 * @see SecurityComponent::requirePut()
 */
        public $requirePut = array();

/**
 * List of controller actions for which a DELETE request is required
 *
 * @var array
 * @deprecated 3.0.0 Use CakeRequest::allowMethod() instead.
 * @see SecurityComponent::requireDelete()
 */
        public $requireDelete = array();

/**
 * List of actions that require an SSL-secured connection
 *
 * @var array
 * @see SecurityComponent::requireSecure()
 */
        public $requireSecure = array();

/**
 * List of actions that require a valid authentication key
 *
 * @var array
 * @see SecurityComponent::requireAuth()
 */
        public $requireAuth = array();

/**
 * Controllers from which actions of the current controller are allowed to receive
 * requests.
 *
 * @var array
 * @see SecurityComponent::requireAuth()
 */
        public $allowedControllers = array();

/**
 * Actions from which actions of the current controller are allowed to receive
 * requests.
 *
 * @var array
 * @see SecurityComponent::requireAuth()
 */
        public $allowedActions = array();

/**
 * Deprecated property, superseded by unlockedFields.
 *
 * @var array
 * @deprecated 3.0.0 Superseded by unlockedFields.
 * @see SecurityComponent::$unlockedFields
 */
        public $disabledFields = array();

/**
 * Form fields to exclude from POST validation. Fields can be unlocked
 * either in the Component, or with FormHelper::unlockField().
 * Fields that have been unlocked are not required to be part of the POST
 * and hidden unlocked fields do not have their values checked.
 *
 * @var array
 */
        public $unlockedFields = array();

/**
 * Actions to exclude from CSRF and POST validation checks.
 * Other checks like requireAuth(), requireSecure(),
 * requirePost(), requireGet() etc. will still be applied.
 *
 * @var array
 */
        public $unlockedActions = array();

/**
 * Whether to validate POST data. Set to false to disable for data coming from 3rd party
 * services, etc.
 *
 * @var bool
 */
        public $validatePost = true;

/**
 * Whether to use CSRF protected forms. Set to false to disable CSRF protection on forms.
 *
 * @var bool
 * @see http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_(CSRF)
 * @see SecurityComponent::$csrfExpires
 */
        public $csrfCheck = true;

/**
 * The duration from when a CSRF token is created that it will expire on.
 * Each form/page request will generate a new token that can only be submitted once unless
 * it expires. Can be any value compatible with strtotime()
 *
 * @var string
 */
        public $csrfExpires = '+30 minutes';

/**
 * Controls whether or not CSRF tokens are use and burn. Set to false to not generate
 * new tokens on each request. One token will be reused until it expires. This reduces
 * the chances of users getting invalid requests because of token consumption.
 * It has the side effect of making CSRF less secure, as tokens are reusable.
 *
 * @var bool
 */
        public $csrfUseOnce = true;

/**
 * Control the number of tokens a user can keep open.
 * This is most useful with one-time use tokens. Since new tokens
 * are created on each request, having a hard limit on the number of open tokens
 * can be useful in controlling the size of the session file.
 *
 * When tokens are evicted, the oldest ones will be removed, as they are the most likely
 * to be dead/expired.
 *
 * @var int
 */
        public $csrfLimit = 100;

/**
 * Other components used by the Security component
 *
 * @var array
 */
        public $components = array('Session');

/**
 * Holds the current action of the controller
 *
 * @var string
 */
        protected $_action = null;

/**
 * Request object
 *
 * @var CakeRequest
 */
        public $request;

/**
 * Component startup. All security checking happens here.
 *
 * @param Controller $controller Instantiating controller
 * @return void
 */
        public function startup(Controller $controller) {
                $this->request = $controller->request;
                $this->_action = $this->request->params['action'];
                $this->_methodsRequired($controller);
                $this->_secureRequired($controller);
                $this->_authRequired($controller);

                $isPost = $this->request->is(array('post', 'put'));
                $isNotRequestAction = (
                        !isset($controller->request->params['requested']) ||
                        $controller->request->params['requested'] != 1
                );

                if ($this->_action === $this->blackHoleCallback) {
                        return $this->blackHole($controller, 'auth');
                }

                if (!in_array($this->_action, (array)$this->unlockedActions) && $isPost && $isNotRequestAction) {
                        if ($this->validatePost && $this->_validatePost($controller) === false) {
                                return $this->blackHole($controller, 'auth');
                        }
                        if ($this->csrfCheck && $this->_validateCsrf($controller) === false) {
                                return $this->blackHole($controller, 'csrf');
                        }
                }
                $this->generateToken($controller->request);
                if ($isPost && is_array($controller->request->data)) {
                        unset($controller->request->data['_Token']);
                }
        }

/**
 * Sets the actions that require a POST request, or empty for all actions
 *
 * @return void
 * @deprecated 3.0.0 Use CakeRequest::onlyAllow() instead.
 * @link http://book.cakephp.org/2.0/en/core-libraries/components/security-component.html#SecurityComponent::requirePost
 */
        public function requirePost() {
                $args = func_get_args();
                $this->_requireMethod('Post', $args);
        }

/**
 * Sets the actions that require a GET request, or empty for all actions
 *
 * @deprecated 3.0.0 Use CakeRequest::onlyAllow() instead.
 * @return void
 */
        public function requireGet() {
                $args = func_get_args();
                $this->_requireMethod('Get', $args);
        }

/**
 * Sets the actions that require a PUT request, or empty for all actions
 *
 * @deprecated 3.0.0 Use CakeRequest::onlyAllow() instead.
 * @return void
 */
        public function requirePut() {
                $args = func_get_args();
                $this->_requireMethod('Put', $args);
        }

/**
 * Sets the actions that require a DELETE request, or empty for all actions
 *
 * @deprecated 3.0.0 Use CakeRequest::onlyAllow() instead.
 * @return void
 */
        public function requireDelete() {
                $args = func_get_args();
                $this->_requireMethod('Delete', $args);
        }

/**
 * Sets the actions that require a request that is SSL-secured, or empty for all actions
 *
 * @return void
 * @link http://book.cakephp.org/2.0/en/core-libraries/components/security-component.html#SecurityComponent::requireSecure
 */
        public function requireSecure() {
                $args = func_get_args();
                $this->_requireMethod('Secure', $args);
        }

/**
 * Sets the actions that require whitelisted form submissions.
 *
 * Adding actions with this method will enforce the restrictions
 * set in SecurityComponent::$allowedControllers and
 * SecurityComponent::$allowedActions.
 *
 * @return void
 * @link http://book.cakephp.org/2.0/en/core-libraries/components/security-component.html#SecurityComponent::requireAuth
 */
        public function requireAuth() {
                $args = func_get_args();
                $this->_requireMethod('Auth', $args);
        }

/**
 * Black-hole an invalid request with a 400 error or custom callback. If SecurityComponent::$blackHoleCallback
 * is specified, it will use this callback by executing the method indicated in $error
 *
 * @param Controller $controller Instantiating controller
 * @param string $error Error method
 * @return mixed If specified, controller blackHoleCallback's response, or no return otherwise
 * @see SecurityComponent::$blackHoleCallback
 * @link http://book.cakephp.org/2.0/en/core-libraries/components/security-component.html#handling-blackhole-callbacks
 * @throws BadRequestException
 */
        public function blackHole(Controller $controller, $error = '') {
                if (!$this->blackHoleCallback) {
                        throw new BadRequestException(__d('cake_dev', 'The request has been black-holed'));
                }
                return $this->_callback($controller, $this->blackHoleCallback, array($error));
        }

/**
 * Sets the actions that require a $method HTTP request, or empty for all actions
 *
 * @param string $method The HTTP method to assign controller actions to
 * @param array $actions Controller actions to set the required HTTP method to.
 * @return void
 */
        protected function _requireMethod($method, $actions = array()) {
                if (isset($actions[0]) && is_array($actions[0])) {
                        $actions = $actions[0];
                }
                $this->{'require' . $method} = (empty($actions)) ? array('*') : $actions;
        }

/**
 * Check if HTTP methods are required
 *
 * @param Controller $controller Instantiating controller
 * @return bool True if $method is required
 */
        protected function _methodsRequired(Controller $controller) {
                foreach (array('Post', 'Get', 'Put', 'Delete') as $method) {
                        $property = 'require' . $method;
                        if (is_array($this->$property) && !empty($this->$property)) {
                                $require = $this->$property;
                                if (in_array($this->_action, $require) || $this->$property === array('*')) {
                                        if (!$this->request->is($method)) {
                                                if (!$this->blackHole($controller, $method)) {
                                                        return false;
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
                return true;
        }

/**
 * Check if access requires secure connection
 *
 * @param Controller $controller Instantiating controller
 * @return bool True if secure connection required
 */
        protected function _secureRequired(Controller $controller) {
                if (is_array($this->requireSecure) && !empty($this->requireSecure)) {
                        $requireSecure = $this->requireSecure;

                        if (in_array($this->_action, $requireSecure) || $this->requireSecure === array('*')) {
                                if (!$this->request->is('ssl')) {
                                        if (!$this->blackHole($controller, 'secure')) {
                                                return false;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
                return true;
        }

/**
 * Check if authentication is required
 *
 * @param Controller $controller Instantiating controller
 * @return bool|null True if authentication required
 */
        protected function _authRequired(Controller $controller) {
                if (is_array($this->requireAuth) && !empty($this->requireAuth) && !empty($this->request->data)) {
                        $requireAuth = $this->requireAuth;

                        if (in_array($this->request->params['action'], $requireAuth) || $this->requireAuth === array('*')) {
                                if (!isset($controller->request->data['_Token'])) {
                                        if (!$this->blackHole($controller, 'auth')) {
                                                return null;
                                        }
                                }

                                if ($this->Session->check('_Token')) {
                                        $tData = $this->Session->read('_Token');

                                        if (!empty($tData['allowedControllers']) &&
                                                !in_array($this->request->params['controller'], $tData['allowedControllers']) ||
                                                !empty($tData['allowedActions']) &&
                                                !in_array($this->request->params['action'], $tData['allowedActions'])
                                        ) {
                                                if (!$this->blackHole($controller, 'auth')) {
                                                        return null;
                                                }
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        if (!$this->blackHole($controller, 'auth')) {
                                                return null;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
                return true;
        }

/**
 * Validate submitted form
 *
 * @param Controller $controller Instantiating controller
 * @return bool true if submitted form is valid
 */
        protected function _validatePost(Controller $controller) {
                if (empty($controller->request->data)) {
                        return true;
                }
                $data = $controller->request->data;

                if (!isset($data['_Token']) || !isset($data['_Token']['fields']) || !isset($data['_Token']['unlocked'])) {
                        return false;
                }

                $locked = '';
                $check = $controller->request->data;
                $token = urldecode($check['_Token']['fields']);
                $unlocked = urldecode($check['_Token']['unlocked']);

                if (strpos($token, ':')) {
                        list($token, $locked) = explode(':', $token, 2);
                }
                unset($check['_Token']);

                $locked = explode('|', $locked);
                $unlocked = explode('|', $unlocked);

                $lockedFields = array();
                $fields = Hash::flatten($check);
                $fieldList = array_keys($fields);
                $multi = array();

                foreach ($fieldList as $i => $key) {
                        if (preg_match('/(\.\d+){1,10}$/', $key)) {
                                $multi[$i] = preg_replace('/(\.\d+){1,10}$/', '', $key);
                                unset($fieldList[$i]);
                        }
                }
                if (!empty($multi)) {
                        $fieldList += array_unique($multi);
                }

                $unlockedFields = array_unique(
                        array_merge((array)$this->disabledFields, (array)$this->unlockedFields, $unlocked)
                );

                foreach ($fieldList as $i => $key) {
                        $isLocked = (is_array($locked) && in_array($key, $locked));

                        if (!empty($unlockedFields)) {
                                foreach ($unlockedFields as $off) {
                                        $off = explode('.', $off);
                                        $field = array_values(array_intersect(explode('.', $key), $off));
                                        $isUnlocked = ($field === $off);
                                        if ($isUnlocked) {
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        if ($isUnlocked || $isLocked) {
                                unset($fieldList[$i]);
                                if ($isLocked) {
                                        $lockedFields[$key] = $fields[$key];
                                }
                        }
                }
                sort($unlocked, SORT_STRING);
                sort($fieldList, SORT_STRING);
                ksort($lockedFields, SORT_STRING);

                $fieldList += $lockedFields;
                $unlocked = implode('|', $unlocked);
                $hashParts = array(
                        $this->request->here(),
                        serialize($fieldList),
                        $unlocked,
                        Configure::read('Security.salt')
                );
                $check = Security::hash(implode('', $hashParts), 'sha1');
                return ($token === $check);
        }

/**
 * Manually add CSRF token information into the provided request object.
 *
 * @param CakeRequest $request The request object to add into.
 * @return bool
 */
        public function generateToken(CakeRequest $request) {
                if (isset($request->params['requested']) && $request->params['requested'] === 1) {
                        if ($this->Session->check('_Token')) {
                                $request->params['_Token'] = $this->Session->read('_Token');
                        }
                        return false;
                }
                $authKey = Security::generateAuthKey();
                $token = array(
                        'key' => $authKey,
                        'allowedControllers' => $this->allowedControllers,
                        'allowedActions' => $this->allowedActions,
                        'unlockedFields' => array_merge($this->disabledFields, $this->unlockedFields),
                        'csrfTokens' => array()
                );

                $tokenData = array();
                if ($this->Session->check('_Token')) {
                        $tokenData = $this->Session->read('_Token');
                        if (!empty($tokenData['csrfTokens']) && is_array($tokenData['csrfTokens'])) {
                                $token['csrfTokens'] = $this->_expireTokens($tokenData['csrfTokens']);
                        }
                }
                if ($this->csrfUseOnce || empty($token['csrfTokens'])) {
                        $token['csrfTokens'][$authKey] = strtotime($this->csrfExpires);
                }
                if (!$this->csrfUseOnce) {
                        $csrfTokens = array_keys($token['csrfTokens']);
                        $authKey = $csrfTokens[0];
                        $token['key'] = $authKey;
                        $token['csrfTokens'][$authKey] = strtotime($this->csrfExpires);
                }
                $this->Session->write('_Token', $token);
                $request->params['_Token'] = array(
                        'key' => $token['key'],
                        'unlockedFields' => $token['unlockedFields']
                );
                return true;
        }

/**
 * Validate that the controller has a CSRF token in the POST data
 * and that the token is legit/not expired. If the token is valid
 * it will be removed from the list of valid tokens.
 *
 * @param Controller $controller A controller to check
 * @return bool Valid csrf token.
 */
        protected function _validateCsrf(Controller $controller) {
                $token = $this->Session->read('_Token');
                $requestToken = $controller->request->data('_Token.key');
                if (isset($token['csrfTokens'][$requestToken]) && $token['csrfTokens'][$requestToken] >= time()) {
                        if ($this->csrfUseOnce) {
                                $this->Session->delete('_Token.csrfTokens.' . $requestToken);
                        }
                        return true;
                }
                return false;
        }

/**
 * Expire CSRF nonces and remove them from the valid tokens.
 * Uses a simple timeout to expire the tokens.
 *
 * @param array $tokens An array of nonce => expires.
 * @return array An array of nonce => expires.
 */
        protected function _expireTokens($tokens) {
                $now = time();
                foreach ($tokens as $nonce => $expires) {
                        if ($expires < $now) {
                                unset($tokens[$nonce]);
                        }
                }
                $overflow = count($tokens) - $this->csrfLimit;
                if ($overflow > 0) {
                        $tokens = array_slice($tokens, $overflow + 1, null, true);
                }
                return $tokens;
        }

/**
 * Calls a controller callback method
 *
 * @param Controller $controller Controller to run callback on
 * @param string $method Method to execute
 * @param array $params Parameters to send to method
 * @return mixed Controller callback method's response
 * @throws BadRequestException When a the blackholeCallback is not callable.
 */
        protected function _callback(Controller $controller, $method, $params = array()) {
                if (!is_callable(array($controller, $method))) {
                        throw new BadRequestException(__d('cake_dev', 'The request has been black-holed'));
                }
                return call_user_func_array(array(&$controller, $method), empty($params) ? null : $params);
        }

}